Tuesday, 8 September 2020

“Why Nations Fail” to Develop....


The basic structures of societies are the same as every society has  sociopolitical  and  economic  systems  as  well  as  educational institutions..... 

But the performances of these institutions and the development of nations vary according to the sociopolitical  dynamics  of  every  society.  In  other  words,  every  case is different because what works in one society may not be effective in another one.

 

Therefore, the transformation of multi-religious  and  multi-lingual  Nigeria  and  its  seemingly  chaotic  sociopolitical  and  economic  environment  require  a  leader with the skills and knowledge to address the systemic bottlenecks   that   hinder   national   development.   That   will   involve  changing  the  structure  and  “human  consciousness”  (Scharmer  &  Kaufer,  2013,  p.  240)  as  well  as  the  “mental  models” (Senge, 2006, p. 163) of the political leaders from their  en-grained  “ego-system  awareness”  into  “eco-system  reality” (Scharmer & Kaufer, 2013, p. 11).

 

Although  the  process  seems  daunting  because  of  the  dis or-dered Nigerian environment, it is not by any means impossible to accomplish  with  collective  mindfulness  (Scharmer  &  Kaufer,  2013)  as  every  Nigerian  is  a  stakeholder  in  the  affairs  of  the  nation. However, Germer, Siegel, and Fulton (2005) have defined “mindfulness,”  among  other  things,  as  a  “moment-by-moment  awareness” (p. 6). For Bodhi (2000), mindfulness means having awareness, attention, and remembering. However, to the already crowded  definition,  Davis  and  Hayes  (2011)  have  added  that  “mindfulness is a moment-to-moment awareness of one’s expe-rience  without  judgment”  (p.  198).  

 

Yet  others  have  noted  that  “mindful leaders” are “courageous,” they perceive the “big pic-ture”  and  “create  environments  of  trust  and  safety,”  which  would “ignite innovation” (Moore, 2012, pp. 1-2).The differing perspectives on the issue of poverty are not new. It was also underscored by various speakers at the 2014 Africa  Innovation  Summit  Cabo  Verde  that  no  country  has  overcome the challenges of poverty reduction, and no region will overcome the challenges of development, without prov-ing its ability to be creative and innovative. 

 

And Nigeria is not an exception. Nigeria’s leaders appear to have a “fixed mind-set” (Dweck, 2007). The nation is choking on its democratic experiment because the leaders do not operate on principles that ally with democracy. Worse still, the system is colored by unbridled corruption, non-functional health care and edu-cation  systems,  and  institutions  and  infrastructure  that  are  antithetical  to  capacity  development.  These  forces  have  resulted  in  a  weak  economy,  rising  youth  unemployment,  and poverty as well as insecurity in the society. 

 

The leaders do not seem to understand that empowering the people will change  the  future  of  the  society.  It  has  been  noted  that  no  society can separate poverty from the political and economic forces  in  the  society  as  well  as  the  mind-set  of  the  leaders  because they determine the state of human condition in every nation.But   what   is   mind-set?   According   to   Webster’s   New   Collegiate dictionary (1980), mind-set is “a mental inclina-tion,  .  .  .  a  .  .  .  state  of  mind”  (p.  725).

 

 For  the  Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2015), mind-set “is a set of attitudes or fixed ideas that someone has and that are often difficult to change” (para. 1). Meanwhile, for Dweck (2007), professor of psychology at Stanford, mind-set is a set of atti-tudes, or “mindsets are just beliefs . . . powerful beliefs . . . something in your mind . . .” (2007, p. 16) that need not be so set. For the author, everyone has either a fixed mind-set or a growth mind-set that can be changed. A fixed mind-set is one in which you view your talents and abilities as well fixed or that  your  “qualities  are  carved  in  stone.” 

 

You  are  who  you  are, your intelligence and talents are fixed, and your fate is to go  through  life  avoiding  challenge  and  failure  (Dweck,  2007). But a growth mind-set, however, is one in which an individual sees his or her mind-set as fluid, a work in prog-ress; that means that our fate is one of growth and opportu-nity. Furthermore, according to Dweck (2007), mind-sets are not set or “carved in stone” (p. 6) because at any time, any person can learn to use a growth mind-set to achieve success and happiness and that a change of mind is always possible (Dweck,  2007).  That  is  what  good  leaders  (as  well  as  their  followers)  need  for  their  nations  to  develop  and  thrive  and  for their citizens to reach their full potential. Given the back-ground,  a  person’s  mind-set  directs  his  or  her  action.

 

That,  according  to  Dweck  (2007),  means  that  “The  view  you  adopts for yourself profoundly affects the way you lead your life.  It  can  determine  whether  you  become  the  person  you  want to be and whether you accomplish the things you value” (p. 6).If this writer may ask, are the mind-sets of Nigeria’s lead-ers  “carved  in  stone?”  Why  is  Nigeria  difficult  to  change?  Why has Nigeria failed to develop with abundant human and material resources at its disposal? Why has prosperity eluded the nation? Why are many Nigerians swimming in the deep ocean of poverty? Put differently, why is there a rising unem-ployment rate in the society? There are conflicting reports on the  rate  of  unemployment  in  Nigeria  because  of  paucity  of  data.

 

Available  pertinent  information  shows  that  Nigeria’s  unemployment rate is about 24% (this is a very conservative figure).  However,  youth  unemployment  rate  is  put  at  more  than 50%, which represents about 64 million people (“Rate of  Job  Creation  Insufficient  to  Tame  Unemployment  in  Nigeria,” 2014). But for the new Oxford Poverty and Human Development  Initiative  (OPHI),  Nigeria’s  poverty  rate  is  hovering  around  43.3%  of  the  estimated  population  of  170  million (see Emejo, 2014).It is proper to note that three groups of unemployed youths have been identified in this article: university graduates, high school graduates not yet enrolled in any university program, and  those  who  did  not  complete  high  school  education.

 

Others who have added to the rising rate of unemployment include people who choose to leave their current job to retire, those  who  went  back  to  school  to  acquire  new  skills  and  knowledge for another career, and those who take a position at  another  organization.  It  is,  however,  proper  to  note  that  most of the unemployed youths are vulnerable to antisocial activities  as  they  are  struggling  to  make  ends  meet  without  any form of government assistance.Given the above background, the political leaders do not seem to be taking responsibility for these problems as every-one  is  blaming  everyone  else. 

 

Nigeria’s  leaders,  it  appears,  hate to be held accountable for anything. It is also proper to note  that  the  root  cause  of  the  present  social,  political,  and  economic  predicaments  in  the  society  is  not  the  making  of  the  leaders  alone,  but  collective  selfishness.  Everybody  in  Nigeria, it seems, wants to be in a leadership position whether or  not  they  have  the  skills  and  knowledge  to  stimulate  a  healthy  competition,  increase  the  wealth  of  the  nation,  and  thus, create economic opportunity for everyone.

 

Leadership is  not  about  revenue  sharing  but  about  moving  people  to  action to create wealth. These actions are possible with lead-ers who are committed to improving the living conditions of the people.The challenges facing Nigeria appear to be deep-rooted in the mind-sets of the leaders and the nation’s extractive politi-cal   and   economic   institutions   (Acemoglu   &   Robinson,   2012). As a result, there is a serious disconnect between ego-system thinking and eco-system reality (Scharmer & Kaufer, 2013). It has aptly been noted that the state of our mind-sets or mental models (Senge, 2006) affect what we do—our per-formance,  decision-making  process,  and  how  we  manage  ourselves. 

 

For Nigeria to move forward socially, politically, and  economically,  the  leaders  and  followers  (in  collective  leadership) should have a deeper shift in their mind-sets and gravitate    toward    “ecosystem    awareness”    from    their    engrained “ego-system thinking” (Scharmer & Kaufer, 2013, p. 11). According to Albert Einstein’s famous dictum, we cannot solve our present problems with the same level of mind-set or consciousness that created them. Meanwhile, because of the failure of the political leaders of Nigeria to change their mindset and embrace creative and innovative ideas that will transform  and  restructure  the  system,  Nigeria’s  non-functional  education  and  health  care  systems  will  continue  to  threaten  the  growth  and  development  of  the  economy  as  these are the engines that drive individual and national produc-tivity. 

 

But “failure is not an option” (Blankstein, 2010, p. 1) for Nigeria.  However,  what  Nigeria  will  become  is  the  society  the leaders and followers have decided to create. Without a doubt,  majority  of  the  people  wants  a  leader  who  can  lead  from the emerging future possibilities.

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